The Miracle of Hanukkah
You, God, who live next door—
If at times, through the long night, I trouble you
With my urgent knocking—
This is why: I hear you breathe so seldom.
I know you’re all alone in that room.
If you should be thirsty, there’s no one to get you a glass of water.
I wait listening, always. Just give me a sign!
I’m right here.
As it happens, the wall between us is very thin.
Why couldn’t a cry from one of us break it down?
It would crumble easily.
It would barely make a sound.
(Book of Hours: Love Poems to God, Rainer Maria Rilke)
Stories have great power. We tell stories about ourselves and about our communities because they give our lives meaning, and they help us navigate between the past and the future. We use stories to help us make sense of the world and our place in it. Not far behind the seemingly innocent plots of many of the stories we tell about our community’s religious history lie profound existential truths addressing our most pressing religious concerns.
The holiday of Hanukkah offers us at least two stories, which seek to explain why its observance may be compelling. Of course, there is the exciting and courageous story of the Maccabees’ military victory and their role in reclaiming a sense of Jewish national autonomy. What grade-school child or Jewish nationalist doesn’t love to hear or tell tales about physical acts of heroism performed by our Maccabee brothers and sisters? Competing with this story of military achievement is the pious narrative of the oil lasting for eight days and the rededication of our holy Temple, a deeply religious moment in our people’s history.
While each of these stories serves different aspects of our Jewish identities, I would like to share a slightly different recounting of the story of the miracle of Hanukkah, as expressed by Jacob Falk (1680–1756, Poland), better known by the title of his book, the P’nei Yehoshua.
The true nature of the miracle of Hanukkah according to the P’nei Yehoshua is not that one vial of ritually “pure” oil miraculously lasted for eight days. Indeed, even if they had not found this container of pure olive oil, the menorah in the Temple could still have been kept lit. The P’nei Yehoshua reminds us that even open, ritually unfit containers of oil could have been used for the lighting of the menorah after the Temple was rededicated. There is a very interesting law which permits the use of things rendered impure provided they are used for communal needs (Babylonian Talmud Yoma 6b). So, in truth, there really wasn’t a need after all for the “miracle” where one day’s worth of pure oil lasted for eight days. Given this understanding, the P’neiYehoshua asks us to reconsider the way we tell the story of Hanukkah and consequently, to also reconsider its religious meaning.
The story of the oil lasting for eight days does relate a miracle. The question is how do we interpret the story, and where do we attach meaning? The power of the miracle that God performed was not providing oil that we would not have had otherwise. Rather, God kept a small quantity of oil miraculously aflame for eight days in order to communicate to the Jewish people that God was present in their community. The miracle of the oil was that God gave the Jewish community, the very people who had suffered so greatly in their war against the Greeks, a clear sign that God had not abandoned this holy nation.
Despite God’s silence, or even God’s seeming absence, God is close. As a result of God’s profound love for the Jewish people, God wanted to comfort us and not let us slip into despair because of a frustration at the inability to perceive God’s immanent presence. The lit menorah is God’s eternal sign to the Jewish people that God does hear our “knocking,” and God responds to our yearning to be in God’s presence. God ultimately wants intimacy with us as much as we seek intimacy with God.
This Hanukkah story explicitly addresses our intense yearning to feel God’s presence in our lives. Rilke, in the poem above, expresses this need and the pathos of the soul who seeks God. Yet the desire of the narrator to experience intimacy with God is never fulfilled. The pain and frustration generated by the poem is heightened by the awareness that God “lives next door”—so close, yet God remains hidden and alone. Rilke’s words powerfully capture the raw emotions and frustration that are so often felt in the spiritual life of a religious person.
When we attach this story of the meaning of Hanukkah to the ritual of lighting our hanukkiyot, we affirm our conviction in the belief of the immanence of a caring God. In every generation the Hanukkah candles are testimony that God is present and desires intimacy with us. The lights of Hanukkah and the story behind them are our bright light against darkness and despair. The flames dancing from our hanukkiyot announce our belief that there is not even a “thin wall” between us.
The publication and distribution of the JTS Commentary are made possible by a generous grant from Rita Dee and Harold (z”l) Hassenfeld.
